Biology Ecology Project - 22611 Words

Organisms are open systems that interact continuously with their environment. The study of the interaction between organisms and the environment; the connectedness between living systems and non-living systems on the Earth is called ecology. The term â€Å"ecology† which was coined by Ernst Haeckel comes from the Greek root words oikos logos literally meaning â€Å"the study of household†. Haeckel was referring to the interactions within the house of nature and we have used the word ecology (translated from the German Oekologie or Ãâ€"kologie) to describe complex systems of life both extant and extinct. These interactions determine both the distribution of organism and their abundance, leading to three questions ecologists often ask about organisms :†¦show more content†¦R.H. MacArthur (an associate of E.O. Wilson) thought that geographic ecology could be described as the search for patterns of plant and animal life that can be put on a map. Finally, ecologists can look at biological interaction through the widest scope by analyzing the biosphere, or the entirety of life s systems on the globe. Ecology at this level usually involves major atmospheric phenomena like the long term effects of climate change or El Nià ±o on the Earth s living systems. At each of these levels of organization, there are near infinite examples of questions to ask about interaction. Those are just a few examples. Additionally, we have not even considered narrowing the focus to the levels of physiological, cellular and molecular interaction. Ecology is a broad biological science and can thus be divided into many sub-disciplines using various criteria. one such categorization, based on overall complexity (from the least complex to the most), is: * Behavioral ecology, which studies the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior, focusing largely at the level of the individual; * Population ecology (or autecology), which deals with the dynamics of populations within species, and the interactions of these populations with environmental factors * Community ecology (or synecology) which studies the interactions between species within an ecological community; * Ecosystem ecology and Landscape ecology, which studies how flows ofShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Sea Otters on Marine Ecology Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesBeing carnivorous in nature, they feed on sea urchins, crabs, fishes, mussels and clams. They are referred to as keystone species due to their profound impact on marine ecology. The interaction between sea otters, sea urchins and kelp forests has been studied as a model of the impact of predator-prey interaction on community ecology. Sea otters are keystone predators, whose presence has a far-reaching influence on the marine food web by affecting the population of sea urchins in particular, and kelpRead MoreEssay about Impact of Sea Otters on Community Ecology1487 Words   |  6 Pagesfeed on sea urchins, crabs, fishes, mussels and clams. They are referred to as keystone species due to their profound impact on marine ecology. The interaction between sea otters, sea urchins and kelp f orests has been studied as a model for the impact of predator-prey interactions on community ecology. Sea otters are keystone predators, whose presence has a far-reaching influence on the marine food web by affecting the populations ofRead MoreUniversity Of Hawaii - Manoa997 Words   |  4 Pagesof OÊ »ahu. There are over 150 undergraduate programs offered to students. 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