Analysis Of Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried All...

Kelsie Gorman Mr. Kavo Confrontation In America, 1 30 October, 2017 The Same Deep Water As You: Tim O Brien s Methods To Overcome Loss Throughout the 1980s, Dr. Terence M. Keane ran experiments on a new idea called exposure therapy. The case studied how victims of trauma would react to being repeatedly shown places, imagines, and stories that mirrored theirs. In the study was twenty four veterans of the Vietnam War, and at the end of the study, they no longer had reactions classified as severe anxiety. Like the veterans in this case study, soldiers in Tim O Brien s The Things They Carried all experience the death of their friend, Kiowa, which results in feelings of loss and trauma. In one way or another, all these men try to†¦show more content†¦Psychically, he cleanses himself in same water that sourced his loss. He does not keep these feelings to himself, like he so easily could, but instead he accepts them. The further he gets into the mucky water, the more his mindset begins to shift for the positive. The guilt lifts and the story he is planning to tell changes narrative: â€Å"Near the center of the field, First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross squatted in the muck, almost entirely submerged. In his head he was revising the letter to Kiowa’s father. Impersonal this time† (176). Though the impersonalization of his thoughts seems like a negative quality, it actually shows improvement. Jimmy is further into the water, and feeling less responsible for the sudden death. He no longer thinks of his own opinions on Kiowa, just the facts. He died. It was an accident. The order was from higher up, not even Jimmy. No one can be blamed. No one should be haunted by the guilt. By being in the moment, and the setting, he is able to clear his mind and come to realizations about it all. He sinks into the filth, and ironically, becomes clean again. Eventually, he lets himself go into the water, ignoring everyone and everything in that moment: â€Å"But First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross wasn’t listening. Eyes closed, he let h imself go deeper into the waste, just letting the field take him. [...] With his eyes still closed, bobbing in the field, he let himself slip away. He was back home inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Things They Carried 2006 Words   |  9 Pages 1. Birth-October 1, 1946; present 2. The things they carried was written in the late 1980 s and published in 1990. The novel acts as a response to the era it discusses by solidifying the un-generalized version of war through fictional anecdotes from the narrator and characters. The truth is never portrayed through historic context or media, and with this novel, the author was able to reciprocate the emotions felt by soldiers from the graphic scenes or actions envisioned/written. 3. FactorsRead MoreThe Things They Carried Critical Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the Fall of Saigon, the Vietnam War remains an affliction for Vietnam War Veterans and their families. Millions of our youth were forced to leave their home and carry inconceivable burdens. Thus, as a Veteran, Tim O’Brien can depict thoroughly their burdens in â€Å"The Things They Carried†. His story brings us back to war-torn Vietnam and First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and his platoon. Cross is the commanding officer; however, he does not concentrate on the war but on his unrequited love. As a resultRead MoreThe Vietnam War Has Far Reaching Consequences For The United States1710 Words   |  7 Pages the value of analysis must come on the individual level. The Vietnam War had far-reaching consequences for the United States. This paper will exhaustively discuss how these issues caused the psychological effects of the Vietnam War on the soldiers morale afore the war and after uti lizing different areas of research demon- strated by the utilization of several website, database, and scholarly journal sources. The Vietnam War led Congress to supersede the military draft with an all-volunteer forceRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesMANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic

Business Law Purchasing of Climwits

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Purchasing of Climwits. Answer: Issue In the current scenario, the case revolves around the purchasing of climwits, which would be used in the business as operated by Paula. As the need for the same was quite urgent, she had asked Tess, one of her employees, to make sure that 1200 climwits are arranged at a price not more than $12,000. As the need for the same was quite urgent, she had asked Tess, to order from Woddo Co. But when Tess had contacted the people in Woddo Co., it was conveyed to him that they do not have much stock to deliver the same in the stipulated time. As it was said that the stock was not available with the company, Tess had actually contacted some other company for the same, as the requirement was urgent. For this purpose, Tess had contacted Sepal Co. for the same, which was a new company to deal with. Therefore, as it was a new company, it became an important aspect to make sure for Sepal to ask the customer to order a minimum amount in order to execute the whole scenario. For this reason, the total amount of climwits, which were ordered from Sepal was 1400, at the price of $16,000. Not only this, being the first customer, Sepal was also giving a discount of 10% on the total bill to gain the loyalty of the customer. When Paula was given the information about this, she had immediately made a call to Sepal Co. for its original requirement and had asked them to abandon the remaining climwits. These climwits, being the most important aspect to be used for the betterment of the obtaining the luxurious items, it would benefit Paula in the long run. For this reason, Paula had asked Tess to make sure that the requirement is fulfilled under any circumstances. As there was an issue with the total quantity purchased, Paula had decided to return the extra amount of climwits, which were ordered by Tess at an exaggerated price. Paula had claimed that she would want 1200 climwits and for which the only payment she would be making would be $12,000, and not a single penny more. For this reason she had made a conversation with the management of Sepal Co. to make sure that the deal amount is reduced and along with same, the quantity to be to be bought. As there was a contract with Tess, Sepal Co can actually take the matter to the court and take legal action against Paula and Tess. Rule As per the contract act. It should be noticed Section 2 states that if the elements of a contract are fulfilled, and it is legally recognized, then any contract would be considered as a contract. In this case as well, it can be said that there was a contract between the parties, Sepal and Tess about the climwits, which were to be delivered as per the contract. The law does not allow any of the parties to breach the same and hence makes sure that all these aspects are fulfilled in the best possible manner. Section 3 of the contract act also states for a fact that the breach of the contract from any of the party should be reported to the court of law in order to make sure that the near about customers, of the company, will not be facing this sort of an issue. Hence, the rule as per the contract act, states for a fact that, breaching of contract can take any company or an individual to the court. (Government, 2016) Application In the current scenario, it should be maintained that Paula did not have any intention to breach the contract since the beginning. She had decided to do so only after getting to know about the fact that the deal was made with a different company as she had mentioned. And also the total deal value, along with the quantity as requited by her, was different. For this purpose, it should be said that she was not in favor of the deal, since the time, she got to know about the reason of not purchasing the climwits from Woddo Co. Therefore, it should be considered too, for a fact that as her own supplier was not being able to satisfy the required amount of climwits, it should be noticed that, not only the quantity, the company was not even ready to pay any amount, which was more that $12,000. Hence, it should be said that, though climwits, was a necessary product for her, but she was not able to pay, any dollar extra, in order to make sure that the company will be using the same as the raw m aterial for its product and therefor the exact quantity as mentioned was to be ordered effectively. (Miller, 2013) Paula, being one of the most determined women, had stated the fact that when she got to know about the quantity and the amount to be paid to Sepal, she had immediately breached the contract and hence, it can be said that Sepal Co. can take the matter to the court to make sure that this breach of contract is not executed. (Consumer Law, 2015) Conclusion In order to conclude, it should be said that Sepal Co. would be filing a legal notice against Tess and Paula as they are being including in the process of breaching the contract. As mention above, the Contract Act, does not allow any person to breach the contract as per the own wish and intentions. It should be considered as one of most sorted laws as introduced by the countrys law to have the entire contract undergo the process of breaching of the contract. There is a certain fine, which is to be paid by the individual or any company, who had been involved in the process of breaching the contract. Therefore, in this scenario as well, Sepal Co. for breaching the contract regarding the climwits would carry out legal proceedings, against Paula and Tess. (Contract Act, 2016) 2. Issue In the present case, Merco, being the anew migrant in the country had to face certain difficulties in his workplace, regarding the fact that how he was not efficient with English. For this reason, his confident level was not up to that mark as it was expected from a person, who is living in Australia. Therefore, as he used to feel inferior about this fact, he had actually wanted a process of any sort of a factor, that would be used in order to make his English better, which would ease his professional and social life in the country. One day, while having his lunch, right near his workplace, Merco had met Ted, one of the employees of Eddo Publishing ltd. the company had offered a subscription to the general public English for Migrants to become a professional in speaking English. It had levels, which were from Beginners to advanced. As it had almost all the features to learn about English, Ted convinced Merco to subscribe for the magazine as it would be aiding him in the long run to make sure that his English speaking ability is modified. For this purpose, he had laid down some of the clauses of the contract and some exaggerated scenarios, which had led to a situation where the company was not offering half of what was being told to Merco. Ted had stated that the teachers all over Australia to explain its students about the whole language English are using these magazines. He had even said that these magazines are of the sort, which is aiding most of the migrants to make sure that they do not be facing any sort o f discrimination in the long run for not being able to speak English efficiently. Ted did not tell Merco about the fact that contract had a clause, by which it was stated that the magazine can actually change the total price and the subscription amount at their own discretion, without informing about the same to its customers. All these information was not actually told to him by Ted, because of which it can be said that the contract was actually taking place under the influence of Ted. Not only this, when Ted had actually drawn the contract, which was of about 90 pages, Merco had insisted for a fact that he would like to read the same and go for the subscription tomorrow, Ted insisted that it was limited offer and any delay would lead to a situation of paying an extra amount for the magazine or there might be a situation where the company will not be able to provide the magazine as there are certain limitation after a certain period of time. Ted said all these aspects, just in orde r to influence Merco. Though nothing negative was happened, yet, Merco is seeking an advice regarding the contract and his rights in against Ted, under the court of law. (Australian Consumer Law, 2015) Rule Section 34 of the contract states that any contract, which has been entered in to should not be influenced by any party or forced by any part, for their own respective benefits. Hence, it should be noticed that in this scenario itself, the decision taken by Merco is influenced by Ted and hence, it can be said that, his decision was highly influenced by the employee of the company. (Fairhall, 2012) The court of law does not allow any thing of this sort and hence, if any person is being involved in influencing any person decision, Section 34 would be introduced in the case and the same can be taken to the court. (Consumer Law, 2016) Application In this case well, Ted has been influencing Merco to go for the subscription, since the time they have started having a conversation. For this reason, Merco had to undergo the whole scenario as per laws as mentioned in the Contract Law. This has been the main reason for almost all the companies to make sure that they do not influence the decision of any individual or a company as it may lead to a situation where the other party may lead the case to a situation, where it was not expected. Therefore, it has to be said that one of the reasons as to why ted could actually be dragged to the court was the fact that he had actually influenced the decision of Merco. (The law handbook, 2010) Now as Merco had realized for a fact that the decisions was influence, as ted did not even let him read the clauses and neither did he actually let him show the contract to his friend, Merco had started doubting ted and hence, it was necessary from him to make sure that he takes an advice regarding the sa me whether he should take the matter to the court. (Contract Act, 2016) Though, nothing of that sort had happened, which might go against the words of Ted, yet it was necessary for him to take an action, as there are some of the clauses, which were hidden from him and the same might go against the Merco and therefore, it was important for him to undergo the legal aspect by appointing a lawyer to actually see in to the matter as per the contract law. Conclusion Hence, in order to conclude, it should be said that the Merco should have done this initially itself. If not this, the subscription for the magazine should not have been done without reading the contract. Once the matter is taken to the court, strict action would be taken against ted and his company to make sure that the whole scenario is executed as per the contract law. The court itself can actually breach the contract as most of the clauses were hidden from Merco and he had entered in the contract only after been influenced by Ted. Legal proceedings might be undertaken against him. (Law Live, 2016) References Government contracts and tenders | australia.gov.au. 2016.Government contracts and tenders | australia.gov.au. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/business-and-industry/government-contracts-and-tenders. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Fairhall. 2012.Australian Government Review of Australian Contract Law. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.lawsociety.com.au/cs/groups/public/documents/internetyounglawyers/644777.pdf. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Free Sample | Australian Employment Contract Templates, Service Agreements, Website terms and conditions | LawLive. 2016.Free Sample | Australian Employment Contract Templates, Service Agreements, Website terms and conditions | LawLive. [ONLINE] Available at:https://lawlive.com.au/. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. 2016.Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. The Law Handbook. 2016.Elements of a contract - The Law Handbook. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. sa.gov.au - Contract law. 2016.sa.gov.au - Contract law. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.sa.gov.au/topics/crime-justice-and-the-law/contract-law. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. CONTRACTS REVIEW ACT 1980 . 2016.CONTRACTS REVIEW ACT 1980. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cra1980201/. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Australian Contract Law. 2016.Australian Contract Law. [ONLINE] Available at:https://austcontractlaw.wordpress.com/. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Contracts. 2016.Contracts. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/ftw/consumers/contracts.page. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. Julia Miller. 2013.Doing Business in Australia: Contract law. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2014/june/doing-business-in-australia-contract-law. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. The Australian Consumer Law. 2016.An Introduction to the Australian Consumer Law Australian Consumer Law. [ONLINE] Available at:https://consumerlaw.gov.au/consumer-policy-in-australia/resources/an-introduction-to-the-australian-consumer-law/. [Accessed 26 September 2016]. The Australian Consumer Law. 2016.Legislation Australian Consumer Law. [ONLINE] Available at:https://consumerlaw.gov.au/the-australian-consumer-law/legislation/. [Accessed 26 September 2016].

John Rowans Sub-Personalities Essay Example

John Rowans Sub-Personalities Essay After viewing the Art of Mediation DVD, identify the John Rowan’s sub-personalities from your Reading Assignment for each disputant (Ann and Liz) and explain why you chose the particular sub-personality for each of the disputants. You are permitted to choose more than one sub-personality for each disputant. In addition, select your most predominant sub personality then provide a paragraph about how you believe this will influence your mediation style. Ann-I believe initially before mediation she was The Exploder-she shouted back numerous times no matter the consequence and had a strong energy of frustration.She also was The Please-she wanted everyone to get along and maintain happiness in the business. She was The Hurt Child-her feelings were hurt when her life long friend wanted to end the business without her input. After mediation she became The Warrior/Leader-willing to find a solution to save her passion the business as well as her friendship. Liz-She was definitely The E xploder-she on many occasions just let her emotions out with total disregard. She was also unpredictable and was capable of blowing up at any time. Sometimes she was downright frightening with her actions too.She was a bit The Moaner-numerous times being self righteous and complaining about everything as well as initially not interested in solutions. She was also The Hurt Child-storming out initially in the beginning when Ann was expressing her feelings. Seemed to be very unreasonable in the beginning as well as into the mediation process. After mediation she too became The Warrior/Leader-she had a wider perspective when she communicated with Ann. She was willing to support their new idea for the business as well as maintain her friendship with Ann.I think the sub personality that I attribute myself to is The Warrior/Leader. I believe this suits my personality and I would use in my business practice as well. I am productive, organized, and grounded which would be suitable for my sty le in mediation. I am a strategist and goal setter who always seek solutions in a sensible and rationale and fair way. I think this sub personality is beneficial in my practice as to answer what is mediation all about? Coming together to find sound solutions for people who are in conflict.. 2.Read the below case study then review Harris’s life positions from your Reading Assignment. Identify which life position each character in the case study displays with a full explanation for such selection. 1. Im Not OK, Youre Not OK-position of futility, no way out, everyone is wrong, everyone is damned. 2. Im Not OK, Youre OK-there is something wrong with me, I do not deserve to be treated with respect and consideration, I will be motivated to get away from you, I will accept unachievable targets, take time off, drink too much, resign or self harm. . Im OK, Youre Not OK-there is something wrong with you, I do not need to treat you with respect or consideration. 4. Im OK, Youre OK-I am a valuable human being, I deserve respect and consideration and so do you, I am motivated to get along with you and I will go for what is right and fair for us both. Johnson Rice-Im OK, Youre OK. Johnson has always been a team player with a high work ethic and hoped to recruit those with the same mindset. He would often work late hours and weekends without pay to keep his new venture going.Verily Masters-Im OK, Youre Not OK.. began to make a regular habit of belittling the other partners with her constant bragging about how her credentials as a nurse and her MBA made her the most valuable part of the business. Further she would constantly threaten the other partners that she would start her own business and get paid $300,000 per year without having to teach them all she knew about nursing. Perry Klein-Im Not OK, Youre Not OK.. Perry also believed that he could take the same business idea back to his hometown where he would thrive.Perry believed that his superior sales skills were th e cause for the company’s growing success and he was convinced that he did not need either Johnson or Verily anymore. Perry was also having pains of missing his family. Perrys wife-Im Not OK, Youre OK. was threatening divorce if he could not give her a date and time for his return to the family home. This involved Perry spending countless working hours on the telephone and on elongated vacations during working hours. 3. Read the case study below then review Tuckman’s team development model. Identify and explain each stage of Tuckman’s model as it relates to this scenario.Be very specific. Johnson Rice set up a home health aide business in the basement of his family home. At first the business was relatively small but as it began to grow he realized the need for additional employees. Johnson has always been a team player with a high work ethic and hoped to recruit those with the same mindset. He would often work late hours and weekends without pay to keep his new venture going. Forming-New company just starting out. Verily Masters, a 39 year old woman, with whom Johnson had a dating relationship with many years prior but they remained friends after their breakup in high school.Johnson admired Verily for her background in nursing and her ability to articulate her position to outside referral agencies so Johnson asked Verily if she would consider a partnership to combine their talents. Johnson realized that Verily possessed skills where he had deficits. Verily accepted with joy, since she had just been fired from her last position, for reasons unknown to Johnson. Forming- Gathering information and impressions about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it to benefit the business.Perry Klein, Johnson’s cousin, was the next person that Johnson approached to become the final member of the partnership. Perry lived 1,500 miles away with his wife and children but agreed to relocate to be part of the business venture . Neither Perry’s wife nor children joined him when he relocated for this business venture. Johnson had approached Perry for his sales skills and his ability to connect to community organizations. Forming- Gathering information and impressions about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it to benefit the business. Soon the company began to grow quite rapidly.The headquarters of the company moved from the basement of Johnson’s home to an affluent neighborhood in the suburbs with an operation of more than 100 employees. At first the working relationship among the three partners seemed to go rather smoothly. Johnson continued to work 12 hour days while both Perry and Verily worked 4-6 hour days. As the company began to grow each partner enjoyed a six figure income of $100,000 each. Performing- This is the phase where team members start to come together, developing processes, establishing ground rules, clarifying who does what, and how things will be done.The company is growing as the employees are doing whats needed for the company to succeed. The group seems comfortable within themselves. Lot more independent. About 6 months into the partnership, the honeymoon phase of this partnership ended. Verily began to make a regular habit of belittling the other partners with her constant bragging about how her credentials as a nurse and her MBA made her the most valuable part of the business. Further she would constantly threaten the other partners that she would start her own business and get paid $300,000 per year without having to teach them all she knew about nursing.Storming- Cliques and factions form and there may be power struggles. The team needs to be focused on its goals to avoid becoming distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Once team members begin to familiarize themselves with other personalities in the group, initial power struggles and protective, work practices can begin to get in the way of smooth, effe ctive workflow. Perry was also having pains of missing his family. Perry’s wife was threatening divorce if he could not give her a date and time for his return to the family home.This involved Perry spending countless working hours on the telephone and on elongated vacations during working hours. Perry also believed that he could take the same business idea back to his hometown where he would thrive. Perry believed that his superior sales skills were the cause for the company’s growing success and he was convinced that he did not need either Johnson or Verily anymore. Forming- Individual behavior is driven by a desire to be accepted by the others, and avoid controversy or conflict. Serious issues and feelings are avoided, and people focus on being busy with routines.Johnson was aware of mediation and just wanted everyone to get along. He had learned mediation through a meeting he attended at his local community center. He told the other partners about the process and t hey thought that Johnson was trying to thwart them from the business and became very suspicious. At first they all rejected the notion, until participating in a free consultation with the local mediator. All parties then agreed to participate in mediation as a way to resolve their issues and preserve the friendship/family relationships and heal their business relationship.Storming- Cliques and factions form and there may be power struggles. The team needs to be focused on its goals to avoid becoming distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Once team members begin to familiarize themselves with other personalities in the group, initial power struggles and protective, work practices can begin to get in the way of smooth, effective workflow. The first session was very long as the parties took much time to tell their story from their prospective. The parties soon realized during mediation that policy and procedures, job descriptions, and party expectations had never been memori alized.Therefore all of this as done using the mediation process which resulted in four 3 hour sessions. The parties mediated an effective action plan. Norming- The group become established, and the scope of the groups tasks or responsibilities are clear and agreed. Having had their arguments, they now understand each other better, and can appreciate each others skills and experience. Individuals listen to each other, appreciate and support each other, and are prepared to change their views.

Nazi consolidation of power essays

Nazi consolidation of power essays To consolidate their power over 1933 and 1934, the Nazis used a number of methods to deal with a number of situations. This essay will deal with what the Nazis actually did to consolidate their power once gaining it in January 1933 after Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor. They used legal means, terror tactics and propaganda to eliminate political opposition, suppress possibilities of forceful resistance, deal with Germany's broken economy and labour force, and promote their image and ideology within the national community. Through the use of these methods the National Socialists were able to successfully consolidate their power by the end of 1934. The Nazi's first aim once Hitler was appointed chancellor in January 1933 was to eliminate all political opposition. This would consolidate their power over government. The existing opposition was divided and weak, and believed that Hitler could be controlled. They also believed they could resist his extremist demands. For an example - Carl Bachem, a member of the Catholic Centre Party at the time, revealed in later years that the prevailing view within the party was that by supporting Hitler they could 'exercise a...sobering influence' upon the National Socialists. According to historian D.G. Williamson, 'the potential opposition to Hitler was formidable, but it was divided and crippled by fatally underestimating the dynamism of the Nazi movement.' Many parties also overestimated their influence in government. The power of the Reichstag had declined throughout the last years of Weimar and the President began to rule by decree. Or, as historian William L. Shirer puts it '(By 1932) political power... was concentrated in the hands of a senile President and in those of a few shallow, ambitious men around him. Hitler saw this clearly and it suited his purposes.' As soon as Hitler became chancellor he called for national elections to be held in March. To win these electio...

Aztlan, The Mythical Homeland of the Aztec-Mexica

Aztlan, The Mythical Homeland of the Aztec-Mexica Aztln (also spelled Aztlan or sometimes Aztalan) is the name of the mythical homeland of the Aztecs, the ancient Mesoamerican civilization also known as the Mexica. According to their origin myth, the Mexica left Aztlan at the behest of their god/ruler Huitzilopochtli, to find a new home in the Valley of Mexico. In the Nahua language, Aztlan means â€Å"the Place of Whiteness† or â€Å"the Place of the Heron.† Whether it was a real place or not is open to question. What Aztlan Was Like According to the various Mexica versions of the stories, their homeland Aztlan was a luxurious and delightful place located on a large lake, where everyone was immortal and lived happily among abundant resources. There was a steep hill called Colhuacan in the middle of the lake, and in the hill were caves and caverns known collectively as Chicomoztoc, where the ancestors of the Aztec lived. The land was filled with vast quantities of ducks, herons, and other waterfowl; red and yellow birds sang incessantly; great and beautiful fish swam in the waters and shade trees lined the banks. At Aztlan, the people fished from canoes and tended their floating gardens of maize, peppers, beans, amaranth, and tomatoes. But when they left their homeland, everything turned against them, the weeds bit them, the rocks wounded them, the fields were filled with thistles and spines. They wandered in a land filled with vipers, poisonous lizards, and dangerous wild animals before reaching their home to build their place of destiny, Tenochtitlan. Who Were the Chichimecas? In Aztln, the myth goes, the Mexica ancestors dwelled in place with seven caves called Chicomoztoc (Chee-co-moz-toch). Each cave corresponded to one of the Nahuatl tribes which would later leave that place to reach, in successive waves, the Basin of Mexico. These tribes, listed with slight differences from source to source, were the Xochimilca, Chalca, Tepaneca, Colhua, Tlahuica, Tlaxcala and the group who were to become the Mexica. Oral and written accounts also mention that the Mexica and the other Nahuatl groups were preceded in their migration by another group, collectively known as Chichimecas, who migrated from the north to Central Mexico sometime earlier and were considered by the Nahua people less civilized. The Chichimeca do not apparently refer to a particular ethnic group, but rather were hunters or northern farmers in contrast to the Tolteca, the city dwellers, the urban agricultural populations already in the Basin of Mexico. The Migration Stories of the battles and interventions of the gods along the journey abound. Like all origin myths, the earliest events blend natural and supernatural events, but the stories of the migrants arrival at the Basin of Mexico are less mystical. Several versions of the migration myth include the story of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui and her 400 Star Brothers, who attempted to kill Huitzilopochtli (the sun) at the sacred mountain of Coatepec. Many archaeologists and historical linguists support the theory of an occurrence of multiple in-migrations to the basin of Mexico from northern Mexico and/or the southeastern United States between 1100 and 1300 CE. Evidence for this theory includes the introduction of new ceramic types in central Mexico  and the fact that the Nahuatl language, the language spoken by the Aztec/Mexica, is not indigenous to Central Mexico. Moctezumas Search Aztlan was a source of fascination for the Aztecs themselves. The Spanish chroniclers and codexes report that the Mexica king Moctezuma Ilhuicamina (or Montezuma I, ruled 1440–1469) sent an expedition to search for the mythical homeland. Sixty elderly sorcerers and magicians were assembled by Moctezuma for the trip, and given gold, precious stones, mantles, feathers, cacao, vanilla and cotton from the royal storehouses to be used as gifts to the ancestors. The sorcerers left Tenochtitlan and within ten days arrived at Coatepec, where they transformed themselves into birds and animals to take the final leg of the journey to Aztlan, where they re-assumed their human form. At Aztlan, the sorcerers found a hill in the middle of a lake, where the inhabitants spoke Nahuatl. The sorcerers were taken to the hill where they met an old man who was the priest and guardian of the goddess Coatlicue. The old man took them to the sanctuary of Coatlicue, where they met an ancient woman who said she was the mother of Huitzilopochtli and had suffered greatly since he left. He had promised to return, she said, but he never had. People in Aztlan could choose their age, said Coatlicue: they were immortal. The reason the people in Tenochtitlan were not immortal was that they consumed cacao and other luxury items. The old man refused the gold and precious goods brought by the returnees, saying these things have ruined you, and gave the sorcerers waterfowl and plants native to Aztlan and maguey fiber cloaks and breechcloths to take back with them. The sorcerers transformed themselves back into animals and returned to Tenochtitlan. What Evidence Supports the Reality of Aztlan and the Migration? Modern scholars have long debated whether Aztln was a real place or simply a myth. Several of the remaining books left by the Aztecs, called codexes, tell the story of the migration from Aztlan- in particular, the codex Boturini o Tira de la Peregrinacion. The tale was also reported as oral history told by Aztecs to several Spanish chroniclers including Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Diego Duran, and Bernardino de Sahagun. The Mexica told the Spanish that their ancestors had reached the Valley of Mexico about 300 years before, after having left their homeland, traditionally located far north of Tenochtitlan. Historical and archaeological evidence shows that the migration myth of the Aztecs has a solid basis in reality. In a comprehensive study of the available histories, archaeologist Michael E. Smith found that these sources cite the movement of not just the Mexica, but several different ethnic groups. Smiths 1984 investigations concluded that people arrived in the Basin of Mexico from the north in four waves. The earliest wave (1) was non-Nahuatl Chichimecs sometime after the fall of Tollan in 1175; followed by three Nahuatl-speaking groups who settled (2) in the Basin of Mexico about 1195, (3) in the surrounding highland valleys about 1220, and (4) the Mexica, who settled among the earlier Aztlan populations about 1248. No possible candidate for Aztlan has yet been identified.   Modern Aztlan In modern Chicano culture, Aztln represents an important symbol of spiritual and national unity, and the term has also been used to mean the territories ceded to the United States by Mexico with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848, New Mexico and Arizona. There is an archaeological site in Wisconsin called Aztalan, but it is not the Aztec homeland.   Sources Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst Berdan, Frances F. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.Elzey, Wayne. A Hill on a Land Surrounded by Water: An Aztec Story of Origin and Destiny. History of Religions 31.2 (1991): 105-49. Print.Mundy, Barbara E. Place-Names in Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Ethnohistory 61.2 (2014): 329-55. Print.Navarrete, Federico. The Path from Aztlan to Mexico: On Visual Narration in Mesoamerican Codices. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics.37 (2000): 31-48. Print.Smith, Michael E. The Aztecs. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. Print.-. The Aztlan Migrations of the Nahuatl Chronicles: Myth or History? Ethnohistory 31.3 (1984): 153-86. Print.Spitler, Susan. Mythic Homelands: Aztlan and Aztlan. Human Mosaic 31.2 (1997): 34-45. Print.

Accounting in its organisational context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting in its organisational context - Essay Example Admittedly, many people dislike change. Thus, the popularity of the traditional costing accounting method still persists until today. The following will explain in detail the many advantages and disadvantages of using the new costing accounting method called Activity Based Costing when contrasted and compared with the Traditional Cost accounting method.Many companies in the United States have shifted from to Activity Based Costing. The prior costing method normally used is the traditional based costing. However, the Activity based costing uses several pre -determined cost drivers that include materials bought to service the customers. In addition, the new activity based costing method is better than the traditional costing method because this new costing method distributes the total estimated cost of service organisation using the daily service activities (Caplan et al., 2005; p1). Furthermore, Activity based costing is a better costing method as compared to the traditional costing method if the service organisation has many different products to market. In a nutshell, activity based costing is better than the traditional method of allocating total costs because it uses activities as the stepping stone to reach the main purpose of setting up a business which is to generate profits. Finally, activity based costing is a preferred choice because it does not stop its tracks after it manages costs (Krumwiede & Roth, 2004; p 1).The prior costing method normally used is the traditional based costing. There are main features for service organizations in both the United States and the United Kingdom that differentiate it from the traditional method of accounting. One of the main features that distinguishes it as a better costing method is that it has many cost cools unlike the traditional costing method. The traditional costing method normally uses only one or two cost pools. The most popular cost pool under the traditional costing method is that total cost is divided by the total number of hours to arrive at a per hour rate. Then the actual number of hours spent for servicing a specific customer service order is multiplied by the pre -determined hourly customer service rate to arrive at the actual cost (Hussein, 2004; p 1).However, the Activity based costing uses several pre -determined cost drivers that include materials bought to service the customers. Also, the number of machine set ups used to repair a car in a car repair centre is one cost driver that that has made this costing method a success. In addition, the number of inspections that have been done in order to determine if the repair shop employees are doing their jobs to comply with the minimum benchmark in terms of job cost and quality is another cost driver that puts activity based costing in high demand. This is also used in the traditional cost accounting method (Lewis, 1993; p. 1) .In addition, the new activity based costing method is

The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan - Essay Example The historical context in which the mother lived is awesome, the miseries of war, the loss of offspring, and the issues related to coping up and adjusting to an entirely different culture! She thinks with a vengeance about the past and expects An-mei will wipe out the scars of bad memories of her life. She is not willing to settle for the ordinary success rate for her daughter; she wants her to be a prodigy. She has the latent desire that people should tell her that her daughter is so and so! In brief, she desires to be known through her daughter’s fame! She does not realize that skill can be achieved up to a certain level, but prodigies are born great and guidance is just an excuse for them. Waverly Jong’s chess genius is the case in point. Mother is unable to gauge the essential difference between the two. Waverly takes to chess as the fish takes to the water. His fascination to the game of chess is instant. Mother wants An-mei to be a piano maestro, but the poor girl is not willing to take it seriously. Waverly stumbling across an old man in the park and getting a few pointers is just an excuse, for sprouting of the latent chess genius within him. An-mei gets extensive personal training from an inept teacher, and the outcome in the competition is on the expected lines—she plays badly! An-mei is not willing to go by the dictates of her mother. She challenges her at every step and retorts, â€Å"I didn't have to do what my mother said anymore.... An-mei gets extensive personal training from an inept teacher, and the outcome in the competition is on the expected lines—she plays badly! An-mei is not willing to go by the dictates of her mother. She challenges her at every step and retorts, â€Å"I didn't have to do what my mother said anymore. I wasn't her slave. This wasn't China. I had listened to her before and look what happened. She was the stupid one,"(Amy Tan) An-mei is just not interested in following the dictates of her mother. . Earlier, mother has tried to conduct several experiments to unearth the genius in her daughter—she tries to mold her into a child actress, tries intellectual tests from popular magazines, without success. That she tries to mold her into a piano virtuoso is her final try. Mother does house cleaning services to meet the expenses of An-mei’s piano lessons and saves enough money to buy a secondhand piano for her. Even after her failure in the talent contest, mother expects her to continue practicing. This annoys the daughter and she protests bitterly, â€Å"I wish I'd never been born! I wish I were dead! Like them!† (Amy Tan)The persistent mother offers An-mei piano as the gift for her thirteenth birthday. She is shocked at the stubbornness of her mother. After her mother’s death, she accepts that gift and sits down to play it for the first time after the lapse of several years. When she discovers two parts, â€Å"Pleading Child,† and â€Å"Perfectly Contented,† of one song, she understands the big question behind the song. It hints at the inevitable tension between the two due to generation gap molded by the factors like age, ambition, experience and cultural heritage. The insistence of mothers that their children should achieve the best in life needs to be understood in